The Effect of Sensory Uncertainty Due to Amblyopia (Lazy Eye) on the Planning and Execution of Visually-Guided 3D Reaching Movements
Identifieur interne : 002141 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002140; suivant : 002142The Effect of Sensory Uncertainty Due to Amblyopia (Lazy Eye) on the Planning and Execution of Visually-Guided 3D Reaching Movements
Auteurs : Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo [Canada] ; Herbert C. Goltz [Canada] ; Manokaraananthan Chandrakumar [Canada] ; Agnes M. F. Wong [Canada]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Impairment of spatiotemporal visual processing in amblyopia has been studied extensively, but its effects on visuomotor tasks have rarely been examined. Here, we investigate how visual deficits in amblyopia affect motor planning and online control of visually-guided, unconstrained reaching movements.
Thirteen patients with mild amblyopia, 13 with severe amblyopia and 13 visually-normal participants were recruited. Participants reached and touched a visual target during binocular and monocular viewing. Motor planning was assessed by examining spatial variability of the trajectory at 50–100 ms after movement onset. Online control was assessed by examining the endpoint variability and by calculating the coefficient of determination (R2) which correlates the spatial position of the limb during the movement to endpoint position.
Patients with amblyopia had reduced precision of the motor plan in all viewing conditions as evidenced by increased variability of the reach early in the trajectory. Endpoint precision was comparable between patients with mild amblyopia and control participants. Patients with severe amblyopia had reduced endpoint precision along azimuth and elevation during amblyopic eye viewing only, and along the depth axis in all viewing conditions. In addition, they had significantly higher R2 values at 70% of movement time along the elevation and depth axes during amblyopic eye viewing.
Sensory uncertainty due to amblyopia leads to reduced precision of the motor plan. The ability to implement online corrections depends on the severity of the visual deficit, viewing condition, and the axis of the reaching movement. Patients with mild amblyopia used online control effectively to compensate for the reduced precision of the motor plan. In contrast, patients with severe amblyopia were not able to use online control as effectively to amend the limb trajectory especially along the depth axis, which could be due to their abnormal stereopsis.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031075
PubMed: 22363549
PubMed Central: 3281912
Affiliations:
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Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22363549</idno><idno type="pmc">3281912</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3281912</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3281912</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0031075</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002434</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002434</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001539</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001E98</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">001E98</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">001E98</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002165</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002141</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">002141</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Effect of Sensory Uncertainty Due to Amblyopia (Lazy Eye) on the Planning and Execution of Visually-Guided 3D Reaching Movements</title><author><name sortKey="Niechwiej Szwedo, Ewa" sort="Niechwiej Szwedo, Ewa" uniqKey="Niechwiej Szwedo E" first="Ewa" last="Niechwiej-Szwedo">Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goltz, Herbert C" sort="Goltz, Herbert C" uniqKey="Goltz H" first="Herbert C." last="Goltz">Herbert C. Goltz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandrakumar, Manokaraananthan" sort="Chandrakumar, Manokaraananthan" uniqKey="Chandrakumar M" first="Manokaraananthan" last="Chandrakumar">Manokaraananthan Chandrakumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Agnes M F" sort="Wong, Agnes M F" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Agnes M. F." last="Wong">Agnes M. F. Wong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Toronto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Impairment of spatiotemporal visual processing in amblyopia has been studied extensively, but its effects on visuomotor tasks have rarely been examined. Here, we investigate how visual deficits in amblyopia affect motor planning and online control of visually-guided, unconstrained reaching movements.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Thirteen patients with mild amblyopia, 13 with severe amblyopia and 13 visually-normal participants were recruited. Participants reached and touched a visual target during binocular and monocular viewing. Motor planning was assessed by examining spatial variability of the trajectory at 50–100 ms after movement onset. Online control was assessed by examining the endpoint variability and by calculating the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) which correlates the spatial position of the limb during the movement to endpoint position.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Patients with amblyopia had reduced precision of the motor plan in all viewing conditions as evidenced by increased variability of the reach early in the trajectory. Endpoint precision was comparable between patients with mild amblyopia and control participants. Patients with severe amblyopia had reduced endpoint precision along azimuth and elevation during amblyopic eye viewing only, and along the depth axis in all viewing conditions. In addition, they had significantly higher R<sup>2</sup> values at 70% of movement time along the elevation and depth axes during amblyopic eye viewing.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Sensory uncertainty due to amblyopia leads to reduced precision of the motor plan. The ability to implement online corrections depends on the severity of the visual deficit, viewing condition, and the axis of the reaching movement. Patients with mild amblyopia used online control effectively to compensate for the reduced precision of the motor plan. In contrast, patients with severe amblyopia were not able to use online control as effectively to amend the limb trajectory especially along the depth axis, which could be due to their abnormal stereopsis.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bernstein, Na" uniqKey="Bernstein N">NA Bernstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Latash, Ml" uniqKey="Latash M">ML Latash</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scholz, Jp" uniqKey="Scholz J">JP Scholz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schoner, G" uniqKey="Schoner G">G Schoner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Beers, Rj" uniqKey="Van Beers R">RJ van Beers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baraduc, P" uniqKey="Baraduc P">P Baraduc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wolpert, Dm" uniqKey="Wolpert D">DM 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Grant</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brenner, E" uniqKey="Brenner E">E Brenner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smeets, Jb" uniqKey="Smeets J">JB Smeets</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greenwald, Hs" uniqKey="Greenwald H">HS Greenwald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knill, Dc" uniqKey="Knill D">DC Knill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saunders, Ja" uniqKey="Saunders J">JA Saunders</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grant, S" uniqKey="Grant S">S Grant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moseley, Mj" uniqKey="Moseley M">MJ Moseley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li></country><region><li>Ontario</li></region><settlement><li>Toronto</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Toronto</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Niechwiej Szwedo, Ewa" sort="Niechwiej Szwedo, Ewa" uniqKey="Niechwiej Szwedo E" first="Ewa" last="Niechwiej-Szwedo">Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chandrakumar, Manokaraananthan" sort="Chandrakumar, Manokaraananthan" uniqKey="Chandrakumar M" first="Manokaraananthan" last="Chandrakumar">Manokaraananthan Chandrakumar</name><name sortKey="Goltz, Herbert C" sort="Goltz, Herbert C" uniqKey="Goltz H" first="Herbert C." last="Goltz">Herbert C. Goltz</name><name sortKey="Goltz, Herbert C" sort="Goltz, Herbert C" uniqKey="Goltz H" first="Herbert C." last="Goltz">Herbert C. Goltz</name><name sortKey="Wong, Agnes M F" sort="Wong, Agnes M F" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Agnes M. F." last="Wong">Agnes M. F. Wong</name><name sortKey="Wong, Agnes M F" sort="Wong, Agnes M F" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Agnes M. F." last="Wong">Agnes M. F. Wong</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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